Mingtoushan, the first comprehensive test area of Chinese fir in our province
"In your eyes, it's 5 mu of seedlings; in my eyes, it's 5 mu of gold." In March, green buds sprouted in mingtoushan Chinese fir comprehensive experimental area of LeGuo forest farm, pointing to the first high generation breeding Park of Chinese fir in our province, and longluming, a science and technology branch of LeGuo forest farm, proudly told reporters.
The most excellent germplasm resources of high generation Chinese fir are used here. The observation of biological characteristics, growth, branching habits and tree management tests are carried out to provide technical reserves for the construction of high generation orchard seed orchard, and the economic benefits generated are comparable to gold.
Mingtoushan, the first comprehensive experimental area of Chinese fir in the province, is an innovative comprehensive demonstration area integrating Chinese fir research, achievement demonstration, transformation and promotion, production and development, which is built by leguoyou forest farm under the technical support of Fujian Academy of Forestry Sciences. In 2017, leguoyou Forest Farm cooperated with the Provincial Academy of forestry to complete the project of "Research on the selection and application of fast-growing, high-quality and high-yield new varieties of Chinese Fir" and won the first prize of Fujian science and technology progress award.
This is the epitome of the ten best state-owned forest farms in China, which will actively carry out forest seedling breeding. In recent years, leguoyou forest farm has strengthened cooperation in production, education and research. Relying on Beijing Forestry University, provincial forestry academy, Huangshan University and other universities and scientific research institutes, it has vigorously carried out the cultivation of high-quality forest resources and the promotion of forestry scientific research, transformed various wisdom into technology, promoted development with science and technology, and has been ranked as the national key improved seed base.
Demonstration effect of mingtoushan
Walking into the 2706 mu mingtou mountain, it is like walking into a lush fir Kingdom, with clear planning of each functional area and complete equipment. Among them, the 682 Mu third generation seed garden of Chinese fir is like a large-scale Chinese fir basin landscape garden. Different kinds of Chinese fir are tall, straight, strong, small and exquisite, and the fresh breath is refreshing.
"Last week, we used drones for the first time to pollinate the 3rd generation seed orchard," he said Jiangjiang Xiaoli, deputy farm of LeGuo forest farm, said.
The first pollen control room in China was settled in the comprehensive test area of Cunninghamia lanceolata in December last year. "This pollen chamber, which can concentrate, batch and in vitro process male cones for pollination, can effectively modulate the pollen needed for high-quality artificial pollination." Fang Luming said. The key to the high and stable yield of seed orchard is to adjust and control the pollen, to realize the time-sharing, fixed plant and directional auxiliary pollination, to effectively solve the problem of insufficient pollination caused by the previous flowering period and the blocking of pollination in rainy days, to enhance the effect of pollination, to improve the fruit setting rate and operation efficiency. At present, one of the highest Chinese fir seed orchards in algebra in China has been put into operation step by step, "when it is in full production, it can produce more than 1000 kg of seeds per year, can provide 40000 mu of afforestation, and has an annual direct economic income of more than 800000 yuan and an indirect benefit of more than 30 million yuan." Zheng Renhua, an expert in Chinese fir breeding and a doctor of Fujian Academy of Forestry Sciences, said.
Mingtoushan experimental area has a strong technical support from the Provincial Academy of forestry. Since 2008, leguoyou forest farm has cooperated with the Provincial Academy of forestry to carry out research, achievement demonstration, transformation and promotion, production and development of Chinese fir here by using the important scientific research achievements made by the scientific research project team of Chinese fir seedlings in Fujian Province led by Dr. Zheng Renhua and the working room of Zheng Renhua model worker. "As a demonstration base of seedling breeding research and promotion of Provincial Academy of forestry, the whole life of Chinese fir can be seen in mingtou mountain." Jiang Xiaoli said with a smile.
The branches survived by asexual propagation and cutting are luxuriant
In the 10 mu scion garden, the mother plant collection garden of Chinese fir asexual propagation attracted the attention of the reporter. Yin juntong, head of mingtoushan management and protection station, said: "12 fast-growing and high red heart clones of Cunninghamia lanceolata, such as Minshan No.1, Minshan No.2 and 11C, were selected as scion mother plants. Through a series of germination promoting techniques, the sprouts at the root neck are cultivated and the seedlings are propagated by cutting. " How are the branches growing? The reporter saw that in the greenhouse, the surviving branches were like green seedlings, "like this thick, long internode, it is a better Chinese fir seedling." Fang Luming said that asexual propagation is also one of the topics they have been studying, which is used to promote the application of fine clones of Chinese fir. Now, mingtoushan has also established the seed nursery of Chinese Fir Clone and the ear nursery of Chinese fir super seedling clone.
In combination with the construction of national key forest improved species base and the cultivation of Chinese fir culture, Dr. Zheng Renhua's labor model studio has been built, and many scientific education functional divisions have been built, such as experimental forest, ear picking garden, improved species demonstration area, seed garden, pollen room, etc., and the "Jiangshan" brand improved species trademark has been registered, which can provide 500 kg of improved species for the society every year We will continue to consolidate the construction of mingtoushan base.
According to incomplete statistics, there are 5000 experts and scholars at home and abroad who come to mingtoushan fir comprehensive experimental area to carry out scientific research activities every year, as well as professional college students who participate in science popularization practice and natural teaching activities. In May last year, Professor Shen Xihuan, a famous national forest breeding expert and professor of Beijing Forestry University, spoke highly of mingtoushan when investigating: "this experimental area is not only a demonstration base for scientific research, but also a base for popular science education. It is also one of the best seed bases with the most development potential in China."
Keep nostalgia and excavate "gold"
Fengxiang germplasm resource bank is another base of good varieties under full construction in Jiangle national forest farm. This is also one of the three bases of Liquidambar in China.
Liquidambar, deciduous tree, tall and straight tree, is an excellent tree species for economic timber and landscape greening. "Parking in love with maple forest late, red frost leaves in February flowers" in the "maple forest", refers to the maple. It is of great significance to cultivate good varieties of Liquidambar formosana to enrich broad-leaved trees, improve forest environment, adjust forest product structure, etc. it is also a high-quality material for housing construction and furniture production, which can effectively promote the income of forest farmers.
The seedlings from different provenances are followed by the tall maple mother forest
"For our generalists, maple is a precious local tree species with special feelings." Fang Luming said that since ancient times, Fengxiang has been the Fengshui tree planted in front of and behind the houses of the local people, which bears the nostalgia and nostalgia.
Keep nostalgia and dig for "gold". Liquidambar formosana germplasm resources bank, covering an area of 80 mu in LeGuo forest farm, is a collection area and experimental area of Liquidambar formosana germplasm resources, which integrates collection and preservation of germplasm resources, seed production and breeding activities. The reporter saw that in the germplasm resource base, on one side is the maple seed forest, with tall and straight trunks. Since 2016, technicians have selected natural maples with good provenance, suitable site conditions and good genetic quality in the forest farm operation area. Through cultivation and transformation, excellent mother trees suitable for the growth of this area have been selected to the maximum extent, and technical research has been carried out on the preservation of mother tree grafting clones, forest land division, permanent marking of mother trees, etc.
On the other side, there are maples everywhere, less than 1 meter high, each with its own number. Since 2018, 220 good germplasm materials of Liquidambar formosana have been collected from Jiangle, Guangze, Datian, Nanjing, Qimen County, Anhui Province, Ji'an County, Jiangxi Province, etc. "Every tree is carefully selected by professionals." Fang Luming told reporters that they mainly judge whether a tree is suitable for breeding from tree height, trunk, leaf color, crown width and other aspects, such as tree height, straight and complete trunk, red maple leaves in autumn, large and beautiful crown, so that maple will enter their "eyes".
At present, 50 mu of Fengxiang primary seed garden has been established in Jiangle national forest farm. "Next, we will carry out scientific research cooperation with Huangshan University of Anhui Province to cultivate improved varieties of Liquidambar formosana and promote the sustainable development of the breeding base of improved varieties."
"Taking advantage of the ladder to climb the heights" to save energy
The 30 mu forest is planted with the third generation of fine varieties of Chinese fir, but the appearance is quite different. Some of them are higher, some of them are darker It turns out that the mutation breeding experiment of Chinese fir is being carried out in this forest in order to screen out new Chinese fir varieties with better characters.
The staff shall check and register the seedlings of Chinese fir transplanted into the experimental forest
This is a key project of the State Forestry Administration. Compared with other tree breeding methods, mutation breeding has the characteristics of high speed, high efficiency and low experimental conditions, which can overcome some problems that can not be solved by traditional breeding to a certain extent, and provide more possibilities for the development of tree breeding. Since 2012, leguoyou forest farm and Beijing Forestry University have jointly carried out "mutation breeding of Chinese fir and selection of excellent germplasm resources of variation population". Relying on the improved varieties produced by the high generation seed garden of Chinese fir in the forest farm, the researchers conducted physical and chemical mutagenic treatment on 1018000 tested seeds for four consecutive years, screened more than 90000 mutated seedlings, and the elimination rate reached 91%. They carried out the construction of Experimental Forest in multiple sites annually, with a total area of 467 mu.
According to Fang Luming, after 3 years of mutation and selection, 128 Chinese fir excellent germplasm variation pools with obvious variation in phenotypic characteristics such as fast-growing, branching, leaf color and crown type were preliminarily constructed, which explored a new way for creating new Chinese fir Germplasm with fast-growing, stress resistant and good wood properties.
However, this experiment needs at least one growth cycle of Chinese fir, i.e. 30 years, before some definite results can be obtained. "Forestry has a long cycle, and it's often a project that 'matches' the life of researchers." "This is the embodiment of the spirit of forestry," said Lin Huazhong, the head of LeGuo forest farm
No fear of long cycle, adhere to scientific research and innovation. Over the years, LeGuo forest farm has been actively "taking advantage of the ladder to climb the heights" to accumulate the potential for scientific and technological development. Since 2009, they have cooperated with Beijing Forestry University to establish a comprehensive practice base in southern forest area (Sanming, Fujian) of Beijing Forestry University. Science and technology building, comprehensive building, laboratory, experimental nursery, crape myrtle germplasm resource collection nursery, plum blossom germplasm resource collection nursery, etc. have been established successively. There are 11 academicians, experts, scholars and graduate students, such as Yi Weilun, who have come to the base for investigation, research and scientific experiment nearly 3000 times. The research on sustainable management technology of forest resources based on forest reform, presided over by song Weiming, former president of Beijing Forestry University Research project "and other 29 scientific research projects have been implemented in the forest farm. More than 200 papers have been published, five patents have been applied for, such as chemical mutagen for trees, a plant tissue culture and seedling refining device, and many scientific research achievements have been transformed and promoted in the base.
Last year, leguoyou Forest Farm won the honor of "national long-term scientific research base of modern forestry"; in August, Sanming municipal government signed a cooperation framework agreement with Beijing Forestry University to unveil the long-term practice base of leguoyou forest farm. "The 'green decade' we have had with Beijing Forestry University is also a decade of rapid development of forestry science and technology. We should continue to innovate the 'production, learning, research and application' model, and build a modern forestry multi-functional comprehensive practice base integrating social services, personnel training, achievement transformation, demonstration and promotion, scientific research, etc.," said Lin Huazhong
Source: Sanming daily, Zeng Ting, Zhu Danyu, correspondent, Lin Guowei, article / picture